​UNDERSTANDING HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY: SECHRIST'S COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) magani ne na likita wanda a cikinsa an rufe majiyyaci gabaɗaya a cikin ɗakin matsa lamba yana numfashi 100% tsarkakakken oxygen (O2) fiye da matsa lamba ɗaya. Iska ya ƙunshi kusan 21% oxygen, kuma kusan 78% nitrogen. A cikin maganin oxygen na hyperbaric (HBOT), yawan iskar oxygen da majiyyaci ke shaka ya kusan ko a zahiri 100%, kusan sau biyar fiye da iska. Matsin iskar oxygen da mai haƙuri ya shaka a cikin ɗakin oxygen na hyperbaric yawanci ya fi sau 1.5 (kuma yana iya zama kamar sau 3) fiye da matsa lamba na yanayi. HBOT na iya isar da iskar oxygen kusan sau 15 kamar yadda ake samun iska a matsi na al'ada.

Hyperoxygenation: HBOT ta jiki tana narkar da ƙarin iskar oxygen a cikin jini na jini, wanda aka kai ga kyallen takarda. Numfashin iskar oxygen mai tsafta sau biyu zuwa sau uku na al'ada yana ba da sau 10-15 fiye da narkar da iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda. Wannan na iya ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a cikin kyallen da aka lalata zuwa mafi girma fiye da na al'ada. An nuna hyperoxygenation don haifar da samuwar sababbin capillaries a cikin ischemic ko raunuka mara kyau. Sabili da haka, yana da amfani a cikin maganin ischemic tushen raunin raunuka, flaps da grafts. Hakanan yana taimakawa a wasu cututtuka ta barin aikin farin cell (leukocytic) ya ci gaba da aiki. Tasirin Injini na Ƙaruwa: Duk wani iskar gas a cikin jiki zai ragu da girma yayin da matsa lamba akan shi ke ƙaruwa. Tare da karuwa sau uku a matsa lamba, kumfa da aka kama a cikin jiki yana raguwa da kashi biyu cikin uku. Don haka, raguwar ƙarar iskar gas yana warware matsalolin iska da rashin lafiya lokacin da aka gano ganewar asali ga magani a cikin lokaci. Vasoconstriction: Babban matsi na iskar oxygen yana haifar da rikicewar tasoshin jini a cikin kyallen takarda na al'ada ba tare da haifar da hypoxia ba. Ba ya haifar da takura a cikin kyallen da ba su da iskar oxygen a baya. Vasoconstriction yana rage edema wanda ke taimakawa wajen maganin ƙonawa, murkushe raunin da ya faru, cututtuka na ɗaki da sauran cututtuka masu tsanani. Ko da yake an rage yawan jini wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga edema, isar da iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar tasirin hyperoxygenation. Ayyukan Antimicrobial: HBOT yana hana samar da alpha toxin kamar yadda ake gani a cikin cututtukan anaerobic kamar clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene). Mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da gangrene gas shine clostridium perfringens; duk da haka, akwai wasu kwayoyin halitta masu samar da iskar gas (aerobic da anaerobic) waɗanda ke buƙatar cirewar tiyata da farko. Hakanan yana haɓaka aikin kashe fararen fata wanda ke ba da kyakkyawar adjuvant zuwa maganin rigakafi na IV da kulawar rauni na gida. Ayyukan Gases: Ambaliyar jiki tare da kowane iskar gas yana kula da "wanke" wasu. Wannan aikin yana faruwa da sauri a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba fiye da na yau da kullun, kuma yana sa HBOT ya zama jiyya da aka nuna don rashin lafiya. Rage Rauni na Reperfusion: Bayan tazarar ischemic, rauni na kai tsaye yana faruwa, wanda ke yin sulhu ta hanyar kunnawa da bai dace ba na leukocytes. HBOT yana hana irin wannan kunnawa. Riko da fararen sel zuwa bangon capillary yana raguwa sosai, don haka yana rage yanayin "babu sake kwarara". Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake nuna maganin HBOT a cikin guba na carbon monoxide kuma ana daukar shi magani na zabi.

An tabbatar da HBOT mai tasiri ga yawancin yanayin kiwon lafiya, kuma a sakamakon haka Undersea da Hyperbaric Medicine Society, daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin bincike, sun amince da wadannan alamu: Tashin iska ko Gas Guba Carbon Monoxide Guba Mai Rugujewa ta Cyanide Guba Clostridal Myositis da Myonecrosis (Gas Gangrene) Raunin Crush, Ciwon Sashe, da sauran Mummunan Cutar Ischemia Ciwon Zuciya Haɓaka Waraka a Zaɓaɓɓen Matsalolin Raunuka; Rashin Ciwon Jijiya; Rufewar Jijiya ta Tsakiya Anemia mai tsanani Ciwon ciki na ciki Necrotizing Soft Tissue Cututtuka Refractory osteomyelitis Raunin Rauni Mai Jinkirta (Tussue Tissue and Bony Necrosis) Rarraba Fatar Fatar & Fata Rauni mai zafi mai zafi Bugu da ƙari, ƙayyadaddun ɗaukar hoto na Medicare za su biya a cikin Amurka don yanayi masu zuwa: Raunin ciwon sukari na ƙananan ƙafa a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda suka cika ka'idoji uku masu zuwa: Mara lafiya yana da nau'in ciwon sukari na I ko nau'in ciwon sukari na II kuma yana da rauni na ƙananan ƙafa wanda ya kasance saboda ciwon sukari; Mara lafiya yana da rauni wanda aka rarraba shi azaman Wagner grade III ko sama; kuma Mara lafiya ya gaza isasshiyar hanyar daidaitaccen maganin rauni.

Idan an yi maganin jiyya a cikin alamun da aka yarda da su waɗanda Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine Society suka buga kuma kamar yadda Hukumar Kula da Kuɗin Kiwon Lafiya ta duba, ana biyan kuɗin magani koyaushe. Kamar duk sabis na likita da aka bayar, wasu masu zaman kansu da duk masu ba da kulawa suna buƙatar izini kafin izini.

Hakazalika da duk hanyoyin magani, ba a amfani da HBOT don cututtuka inda babu shaidar asibiti cewa yana aiki. An yi iƙirarin cewa HBOT na iya taimakawa tare da matsaloli kamar tsufa fata ko kuma tsawaita rayuwar lafiya ta al'ada. Wadancan ba a rubuta su ba kuma ba a yarda da su ba a cikin jama'ar likitanci.

Ta hanyar ma'anar, ana gudanar da maganin oxygen na hyperbaric ga majiyyaci a cikin ɗakin da aka matsa. Gidan hyperbaric shine karfe, aluminum ko ɗakin filastik mai tsabta wanda za'a iya matsawa iska zuwa matsa lamba wanda ya fi matakin teku. Akwai ainihin nau'ikan ɗakuna guda biyu, monoplace da multiplace. Monoplace Chambers: Zauren wuri ɗaya tsari ne da ke ɗaukar mara lafiya ɗaya lokaci guda. Mara lafiyan ya kwanta a kan shimfiɗar da ke zamewa cikin ɗakin. Yawanci ɗakin yana matsawa tare da 100% oxygen. Mai haƙuri yana karɓar 100% oxygen ta numfashin iskar oxygen a cikin ɗakin. Ba a buƙatar abin rufe fuska ko kaho. Ƙungiyoyin Monoplace suna da damar da za a matsa su zuwa 3 ATA. Banda rashin lafiya na lalata da iskar gas, ka'idodin UHMS don maganin hyperbaric baya buƙatar fiye da 3 ATA na matsa lamba don magani. Ana iya jinyar marasa lafiya masu tsananin rashin lafiya waɗanda ke buƙatar kayan aikin tallafi masu yawa a cikin Sechrist. (Sauran masana'antun monoplace ba sa ba da duk damar tallafin rayuwa). Yawancin marasa lafiya na hyperbaric ana kula da su a cikin ɗaki guda ɗaya. Multiplace Chambers: Gidan daki mai yawa shine tsarin da zai iya ɗaukar mazauna biyu ko fiye. Marasa lafiya na iya tafiya ko kuma a yi musu keken hannu (zaune ko kwance) cikin ɗakin dakunan wurare da yawa, gwargwadon girmansa. Yawanci, ma'aikaci yana ciki tare da marasa lafiya. Ana matsar da ɗakunan tare da iska mai matsa lamba ta hanyar tsarin samar da kayan aiki. Ana isar da 100% oxygen ga majiyyaci ta hanyar abin rufe fuska ko taron kaho. Ƙungiyoyin wurare da yawa suna da damar da za a iya matsawa zuwa 6 ATA. Ana iya buƙatar matsi mafi girma a cikin kula da ciwon datsewa da lamurra na iska.

Ban da ciwon naƙasasshe da kumburin iskar gas, jiyya na yau da kullun suna da tsawon sa'o'i biyu. Ana gudanar da jiyya bisa ga marasa lafiya ko marasa lafiya. A wasu lokuta masu tsanani, ana iya gudanar da jiyya kowane sa'o'i takwas zuwa goma sha biyu.

Martanin asibiti na majiyyaci da wasu dalilai sukan bayyana adadin jiyya da ake buƙata. Laifukan gaggawa, kamar gubar carbon monoxide, kumburin iskar gas na jijiya ko cuta mai rauni, na iya buƙatar jiyya ɗaya ko biyu kawai. Raunukan da ba su warkewa ba na iya kiran kusan jiyya 20 zuwa 30.

Gabaɗaya, mai haƙuri ba zai ji daban ba. Duk da haka, a lokacin wasu sassa na jiyya, mai haƙuri zai iya samun jin dadi a cikin kunnuwa, kama da jin dadi a kan jirgin sama. Wannan sakamako ne na eardrum na amsawa ga canje-canjen matsi. Kafin magani, za a koya wa mai haƙuri wasu hanyoyi masu sauƙi don "share" kunnuwansa don kauce wa rashin jin daɗi.

Dole ne majiyyaci ya sanya tufafin auduga 100% yayin magani. Ba a yarda da abubuwa na sirri a cikin ɗakin hyperbaric ba. Don ƙarin bayani duba abin da ba za a kawo cikin hanyar haɗin ginin hyperbaric ba.

The most common side-effects are not serious, those include: Claustrophobia Ear popping Temporary myopia Lung problems in rare cases, the lungs have become irritated by the oxygen, and the patient develops a dry cough that is resolved once the treatment is stopped. In extremely small number of cases, some patients have developed non-life threatening issues. Overall, HBOT is a safe procedure.

Duk masu yuwuwar ɗakin hyperbaric dole ne su sami takardar sayan magani daga likitan da ke magana don karɓar jiyya na hyperbaric.

Domin HBOT ya kasance a rufe a ƙarƙashin shirin Medicare a Amurka, dole ne likitan ya kasance a koyaushe a duk lokacin jiyya.

Likitan da ke halarta ya kafa ka'idojin magani. Amintaccen lokutan jiyya, kashi da iyakokin matsa lamba an kafa su don isar da iskar oxygen ta hyperbaric kuma waɗannan iyakoki sun zama tushen duk ka'idojin jiyya. Yayin karbar magani, ana iya ba da majinyacin rashin lafiya tare da samun iska na inji, farfasa IV da kuma sa ido kan ilimin kimiya na jiki.

A wanke ɗakin bisa ga nau'in lamuran da ake kula da su da kuma yadda ma'aikatan lafiya suka umarce su. A wanke dakin da duk wani wuri, shimfida da katifa tare da ingantaccen maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta ko miya mai laushi. LATSA NAN DOMIN CIKAKKEN JERIN DA AKE YARDA DA MASU CUTAR CAMBAR